Weird Illnesses
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Random blog day boo yah. As you should know Fridays is random blog day were we talk anything and everything and pretty much run with it. Today's blog is on Weird Illnesses.
The term illness like sickness are usually a synonym for Disease; however, illness is also occasionally used to refer to a patients personal experience of his/her disease. Its possible for people to have disease without being ill and to be ill without having a disease. Symptoms of Illness are often not directly the result of infection, but a collection of evolved responses-sickness behaviour by the body- often helps clear infection and promote recovery. Aspects of illness often include Lethargy. Depression, loss of appitite, sleepiness, hyperalgesia and an inability to concentrate. The Three illnesses I'll be talking about today are Auto-Brewery Syndrome (ABS), Foreign accent syndrome (FAS) and Fish Odour Syndrome (Trimethylaminuria).
AUTO-BREWERY SYNDROME
(ABS)
Auto-Brewery Syndrome ABS also known as gut fermentation syndrome is a strange condition characterized by the fermentation of carbohydrates and the production of ethanol produced in the gut due to Bacteria and Fungi. The organisms responsible regardless of being bacterial or Fungi-related often include various yeasts and bacteria not related to the body. ABS causes an increase in blood alcohol concentration without he consumption of Alcohol itself.
Research has been done on ABS and researchers speculate the underling causes are connected to prolonged antibiotic use, poor nutrition and or diets high in carbs. Pre-existing conditions such as Diabetes and genetic variations result in improper liver enzyme activity also contributes. However with the latter case, the decreased activity of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase can lead to the accumulation of ethanol in the gut leading to the fermentation, Alone or together could cause ABS and result in dysbiosis of the microbiome. ABS has a variant Urinary ABS, which occurs in the bladder rather than the gut, the only case where this happened Diabetes in the patient was present. Whilst the sufferer didn't develop alcohol intoxication, elevated alcohol levels were found in their urine. Fermentation in the bladder could continue after the passing of urine, resulting in the development of an odour resembling wine.
This disease can have largely profound effects on everyday life, the symptoms that usually accompany ABS mirrors Alcohol intoxication such as slurred speech, stumbling, loss of motor functions, dizziness and belching. Mood changes and other neurological problems have also been reported. Alcohol intoxication is associated with familial, employment and other social problems and complications. There have been several cases which have argued with ABS as a defence against Drunk-Driving. When patients are diagnosed with ABS their treated immediately for the symptoms of Alcohol intoxication, they then take medication specific to which infection it is i(f it's bacteria or fungi which causes the fermentation), such as Antifungals, Fluconazole or Micafungin. Often Probiotics are given concurrently with the main medication to ensure proper Bacteria recolonize the gut and prevent the return of the microorganisms. Patients also go through a diet therapy which allows the patient to avoid the symptoms of ABS.
FOREIGN ACCENT SYNDROME
(FOS)
Foreign Accent Syndrome or FAS is a medical condition in which patients developed speech patterns that are perceived a foreign accent from their native one, without having acquired it in the perceived accents place of origin. FAS is usually a result form a stroke, migraines head trauma or developmental problems. The condition occurs when the part of the brain that controls speech suffers legions or a Neuropsychiatric condition. The first ever case was reported in 1907 with 62 more cases reported between 1941 and 2009. The term Foreign Accent Syndrome was first coined by H. Whitaker in 1982. he originally proposed some criteria that should be present in order to diagnose with FAS, they must be monolingual, have damage to their central nervous system which also affects their speech, which will sound foreign to either themselves or others around them. One problem with Whitaker’s criteria is its based on subjectivity. Since this syndrome is rare it takes a multidisciplinary team to evaluate the syndrome and diagnose it, including speak-language pathologists Neurolinguistics, neurologists, psychologists and neuropsychologists. Several subtexts of FAS were identified by Verhoeven and Marien in 2010. they described how FAS occurs after central nervous system damage.
Additional research on Psychogenic FAS has also been done, which can help outline symptoms or commonalities among FAS patients. The findings include the following: it's more common in women than men, the age range its common in is 25-49 who are prone to depression or mental issues. Pitch is also affected along with the slowing of speech. Vowels are more affected than consonants and remission seams to be related to the relieving of the patients positive symptoms that are comorbid with FAS. FAS is a rare disorder, likewise there are few proposed treatments. Two that may provide some relief to patients with FAS in the future include a mastery of Musical skills and something called “Tonge-Reading”.
FISH ODOR SYNDROME
(TRIMETHYLAMINURIA, FOS)
Trimethyaminuria also known as TMAU or Fish Odour syndrome (FOS) is a rare metabolic disorder that causes a defect in the normal production of an enzyme named Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3). If too little FMO3 is not working or not enough enzyme is produced the body looses the ability to convert Trimehtylamine (TMA) during food digestion into Trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) through a process called N-Oxidation. TMA then builds up and is released into the persons sweat, urine and breath. Giving off a strong fishy/body odour. A variant of TMAU exists where there is no genetic cause yet excessive TMA is produced, possibly due to dysbiosis, altered Metabolism or hormonal causes. Symptoms of FOS is the strong smell of odour (Usually fish) emanating from a persons sweat, urine reproductive fluids and/or breath due to the release of TMAU . Some sufferers have a strong odour all the time whilst others have moderate smells over time that varies in intensity. Those who have this condition don't usually show any symptoms and usually appear healthy.
Most cases of FOS appear to be an inherited illness as an autosomal recessive pattern. Which means two copies of the gene in each cell is altered. The parent of the sufferers tend to be a carriers of one copy of the altered gene. Carriers may suffer brief/temporary episodes of fishy body odour. Mutations in FMO3 can happen and is usually found in the long arm of Chromosome 1 causing TMAU(FOS). There have been 40 known mutations however associated with TMAU. Including Loss of function, nonsense mutations and missense mutations being the most common. The latter two causing the most severe phenotypes. The Diagnosis for TMAU/FOS is usually a urine test, with a blood test available to provide genetic analysis, the enzyme responsible is coded by the FMO3 gene. However false positives can occur usually with Cervical Cancer, Bacterial Vaginosis, urinary tract infection and advanced liver/kidney disease. Currently there is no cure/treatment for the disorder, however avoiding food containing Choline, Carnitine, Nitrogen, sulfer and Lecithin, taking low doses of antibiotics such as neomycin and metronidazole and using detergent with a 5.5/6.5 PH are ways of reducing the odour.
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THE WEBSITE BIBLIOGRAPHY:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disease
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-brewery_syndrome
https://www.alcohol.org/co-occurring-disorder/auto-brewery-syndrome/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_accent_syndrome
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimethylaminuria
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/trimethylaminuria/
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